In Mapp v. Ohio （1961）, the Supreme1 Court established what has come to be known as the exclusionary2 rule. This rule states that evidence seized in violation3 of the Fourth Amendment4 cannot be used as evidence against defendants6 in a criminal prosecution7, state or federal. To this day, some commentators8 continue to criticize the Mapp case on the ground that it unfairly lets the criminal go free because the constable9 has erred10. But supporters of Mapp argue that excluding illegally seized evidence is necessary to deter11 police from conducting illegal searches. According to this deterrence12 argument, the police won't conduct improper13 searches if the resulting evidence is barred from the trial.
Case Example: Officer Joe Friday notices teenager Bunny Schwartz walking in a mall. Officer Friday demands to look into Bunny's purse. The officer finds three pairs of earrings14 with the price tags still attached. A mall jewelry15 store owner identifies the earrings as having been stolen minutes earlier, when Bunny was the only customer in the store. A judge rules that Officer Friday's search of Bunny's purse was improper.
Question: How will this ruling affect the case against Bunny?
Answer: The charges will have to be dropped. Because the search of Bunny's purse was illegal, the earrings are not admissible in evidence against her. As the prosecution has no case without the earrings, the case must be dismissed. Realizing that Bunny went free ought to deter Officer Friday from conducting illegal searches in the future, exactly what the exclusionary rule is supposed to accomplish.
4. If the Police Conduct an Illegal Search, Does the Case Against Me Have to Be Dismissed?
No. A judge will exclude evidence that the police seized or learned about as the result of an illegal search. But if a prosecutor16 has enough other evidence to prove the defendant5 guilty, the case can continue.
Case Example: Dick McCallous is charged with possession of stolen propertycleaning products stolen from a local janitorial17 supply business. Half of the missing janitorial products that McCallous is charged with possessing were discovered by the police at McCallous' home in the course of a warrantless search of the home by the police after they had properly arrested McCallous for possession of the other half. In response to a defense18 motion to exclude evidence, the judge rules that the police illegally seized the janitorial products from McCallous' home, but that the other products were seized properly.
Question: How will these rulings affect the case against McCallous?
Answer: The prosecution can go forward, limited to possession of properly seized stolen janitorial products.
本节的题目是翻译下面的句子：
1、This rule states that evidence seized in violation of the Fourth Amendment cannot be used as evidence against defendants in a criminal prosecution, state or federal.
2、According to this deterrence argument，the police won't conduct improper searches if the resulting evidence is barred from the trial.
答案：
1、裁决确立了违反宪法第四修正案获得的证据，不能用于州、联邦政府对嫌疑犯的刑事指控的原则。
2、依据这一威慑理论，假如非法搜查获得的证据不能用于审判，警察就不会进行不适合的搜查
